How We Map
Mapping Technologies
Mapping is essential to understanding where kelp forests can thrive. By mapping the environment, we can identify suitable habitats for kelp growth and determine the most effective locations for restoration. Our team uses advanced mapping technologies, including seafloor surveying, drone surveys, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, to develop a comprehensive picture of the underwater world.
The combination of these techniques ensures that our kelp restoration efforts are guided by the best available science, maximizing their ecological impact and success.
Seafloor Mapping
Giant Kelp can grow to depths of 100 feet and requires rocky substrate to anchor and thrive. Seafloor surveying is essential for identifying ideal restoration sites by locating areas with the right depth and substrate conditions.
We rely on acoustic survey technology because underwater visibility is limited and GPS does not function below the surface. These surveys send out sound waves that bounce back upon hitting underwater features — much like how dolphins use echolocation to find food. The time it takes for the sound to return reveals distance or depth, while the intensity of the return signal helps differentiate between hard surfaces like rock and softer materials like sand.
To help map the seafloor at each restoration site, we utilized an autonomous “EchoBoat” from Seafloor Systems. Equipped with high-precision navigation and multibeam sonar, this technology enables highly detailed and accurate underwater mapping, allowing us to pinpoint unique features and suitable locations to restore.
Drone Mapping
Mapping from above is another key component of our restoration strategy. With drones, we can comprehensively map both the shoreline and the shallow subtidal habitat, as well as accurately document the extent of kelp canopies.
At each restoration site, we deploy drones equipped with advanced GPS and high-resolution cameras. These tools allow us to capture precise spatial data and track changes in kelp forest coverage over time. By integrating drone imagery with other mapping techniques, we gain valuable insights into kelp forest dynamics and the effectiveness of restoration efforts.
Geographic Information Systems
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are essential to our mapping efforts, allowing us to collect, manage, analyze and visualize various environmental data layers on a single map. By overlaying these layers, we can assess how different factors interact and influence kelp restoration outcomes.
Through GIS, we gain insights into how environmental variables, such as substrate type, depth, and shading from cliffs affect kelp forest dynamics. This data-driven approach allows us to prioritize restoration sites, optimize project planning and enhance the long-term sustainability of kelp forests.